Rules on the course
Ball Lost in Leaves: What a Local Rule Can Change
Autumn leaves do not create a universal free-drop rule. A Committee can adopt a specific treatment for accumulations, but finding a ball, proving where it finished and choosing relief remain separate questions.
Competitive Play · Updated October 22, 2026
Follow the worked example
Covered accumulation, ball not found but KVC
Witnessed evidence establishes that the ball stopped in the adopted accumulation. X is the estimated last crossing of its edge, used as the ball spot for finding complete relief under Rule 16.1e. In this fictional right-handed stroke model, P clears the measured ball/swing and stance envelopes. Blue is the eligible one-club-length dropping region.
- H
- Hole.
- X
- Estimated last crossing, not a guessed location inside the pile.
- P
- Nearest complete-relief point. One club-length is 32 units; ball/swing envelope is ±8, stance 42–26 left and ±16 along line. No nearer eligible complete-relief point exists in this model.
Scattered leaves outside the notice
A few leaves on another hole are not a covered accumulation. F-14 does not create free relief here. Removing loose impediments and the procedure for a ball that is actually lost are separate questions.
- B
- A found ball among scattered leaves, outside the stated notice.
- Found in the covered pile
- Establish actual interference and follow the applicable Rule 16.1 procedure.
- Not found, but KVC
- Use the estimated last-crossing edge point for Rule 16.1e. There is no requirement to wait the full three minutes.
- Only a possible pile
- Material alternative locations mean the condition has not been established. If the ball is lost, use the applicable lost-ball procedure, not an automatic free leaf drop.
The diagrams compare adopted accumulations, scattered leaves and evidence for an unfound ball. The ordinary search limit is three minutes; it is not a minimum waiting period. Establishing known-or-virtually-certain evidence can permit Rule 16.1e relief earlier.
The short version
- F-14 can treat specified accumulations as ground under repair when adopted.
- Its scope is not every leaf on every hole, and it does not apply to penalty areas.
- A ball not found in a qualifying condition needs the known-or-virtually-certain test for Rule16.1e relief.
Read the hole numbers and the defined condition
Our fictional notice applies F-14 to identified temporary leaf accumulations on two specified holes. A pile in that scope, a few scattered leaves on another hole and leaves inside a penalty area are three different cases.
The notice is authored for this example, not an announcement that your course has adopted a Local Rule. Check the Committee's current wording before calling any pile ground under repair.
The search clock does not vanish
A lost-ball decision ordinarily uses the three-minute search limit. F-14 does not create unlimited search time or establish where an unseen ball came to rest. Check entitlement as the facts become known: the three-minute search limit is not a requirement to wait before taking properly established Rule 16.1e relief.
Finding the ball inside an adopted ground-under-repair condition and failing to find it are not the same evidence. Record what was actually observed, including other possible places the ball could have finished.
When the ball is not found
Rule 16.1e requires it to be known or virtually certain that the ball came to rest in the abnormal course condition before that relief route is available. A plausible leaf pile is not enough if the evidence leaves material alternatives.
If the condition does not apply and the ball is lost, use the applicable lost-ball procedure rather than a free drop beside the pile. An adopted alternative-to-stroke-and-distance Local Rule is a separate question, not an automatic leaf benefit.
A better pre-round question
Ask which accumulations and holes are covered, where the boundaries are and whether the Local Rule remains in force. Keep a copy of the notice with the scorecard. That is more useful than arguing over a remembered leaf rule after a ball disappears.
For an exposed-root notice, compare F-9 and tree roots. For unusual tournament structures, use TIO relief; both also depend on actual adoption and scope.
Your next move
Check the governing rule
Confirm the actual condition, adopted Local Rule and procedure before moving the ball.
Check the governing rule(Official source), opens in a new tabKeep reading
Sources and review
- What it covers
- 2023 Rules of Golf and current published clarifications/Model Local Rules checked October22,2026 for this specific scenario.
- Checked
Primary sources
- The R&A: Model Local Rule F-14: Accumulations of Loose Impediments (Official source), opens in a new tab · retrieved
- The R&A: Rule16.1e: Ball Not Found in Abnormal Course Condition (Official source), opens in a new tab · retrieved
- The R&A: Rule18.2: Ball Lost or Out of Bounds (Official source), opens in a new tab · retrieved
What this page cannot tell you
- Original fictional diagrams; no actual course adoption or measured relief location is claimed. No named rules-qualified reviewer has reviewed this page.